Reindeer by Any Other Names . . .

Hello, Kids, and All Readers,

Can you name all eight of Santa’s reindeer–not counting Rudolph, who is the ninth?

Go ahead. I’ll wait. . . .

If you’re grinning because you remembered them, did you rely on the 1949 song “Rudolph, the Red-Nosed Reindeer” with the verses, “You know Dasher and Dancer, and Prancer and Vixen; Comet and Cupid, and Donner and Blitzen …”? I always do!

Now, check your response against the famous 1823 poem that added the eight reindeer (no Rudolph yet) to Team Santa, “A Visit from Saint Nicholas”–now more commonly known as “The Night Before Christmas”: “Now Dasher! now, Dancer! now, Prancer and Vixen! On, Comet! on, Cupid! on, Dunder and Blixem! To the top of the porch! to the top of the wall! Now, dash away! dash away! dash away all!”

Wait. Donner and Blitzen are missing! Or perhaps their names are misspelled?

Neither, really. Donner and Blitzen were originally Dunder and Blixem! Why, you ask? Ah, that’s our literary mystery!

According to snopes.com, the story of how the two reindeer names changed “is a complicated and confusing one [since much] mystery remains about the origins of the poem ‘A Visit from Saint Nicholas’ that named them.”

Clement Clarke Moore, a Bible professor at New York’s General Theological Seminary who knew German, was believed to have written it in 1823. An 1836 reprint of “A Visit from Saint Nicholas” credited him. Moore included it in a volume of his own poetry, published in 1844. But rumors persist to this day that “A Visit from Saint Nicholas” was written by a New Yorker of Dutch descent named Henry Livingston. Can you put the following potential clues together to draw your own conclusion?

Whichever man wrote it in 1823, he “melded elements of Scandinavian mythology with the emerging Dutch-American version of Santa Claus as a jolly, pipe-smoking fellow and produced a vision of a sleigh pulled by eight flying reindeer. He assigned names to all eight, and he took two of them from a common Dutch exclamation of the time, ‘Dunder and Blixem!’–the Dutch words for thunder and lightning–as the names appeared in the original 1823 publication of ‘A Visit from Saint Nicholas.'”

In 1837, publisher Charles Fenno Hoffman printed a version of “A Visit from Saint Nicholas” that included his changes of Blixem to Blixen (to make it rhyme with Vixen) and Dunder to Donder (perhaps to bring the spelling more in line with English pronunciation).

When Moore prepared to publish “A Visit from Saint Nicholas” in his own 1844 book of verse, he changed the Hoffman/corrupted-Dutch term Blixen to the German term Blitzen, but oddly retained Hoffman’s term Donder. Earlier generations of children learned Santa’s two reindeer as Donder and Blitzen due to Moore’s 1844 poem version.

Wait. Wait. So, when did Donder become Donner?

Donner and Blitzen are German words for “thunder” and “lightning.” So, if Moore were familiar with German, why would he have used Blitzen but not Donner, instead of the Dutch Dunder (in the 1823 version) or Donder (in the 1837 version)?

Precisely how and when Donder made the transition to Donner remains a mystery! The earliest mention of Donner, not Donder, occurred in The New York Times 1906 newspaper publication of the poem. In 1926, the same paper stated that “modern publishers rechristened two of the reindeer with the German names ‘Donner and Blitzen.'” But hold it! We know that Moore used Blitzen in 1844. As Charlie Brown would scream, “Aaugh!”

But now, dear Readers, “Dash away, dash away, dash away all!” and enjoy your holiday season. Our four Botanic Hill detectives and I wish each of you Happy Holidays!

(Photo Credit: Soc Nang Dong on pexels.com)

Dia de los Muertos–Day of the Dead

Hello, Kids, and All Readers,

I consider myself lucky to live in Southern California, where Dia de los Muertos, the Day of the Dead, is celebrated every November 1 and 2. The first day honors deceased children; the second day, deceased adults.

It is a fiesta that can trace its roots to Mesoamerica, specifically to the Aztecs. Their ancient tradition of honoring deceased loved ones by welcoming their spirits back to Earth temporarily has been carried forward by many Latin-American countries and their Indigenous peoples. It is estimated that ninety-one per cent of all Mexicans celebrate it! Traditions can include family gatherings, processions to cemeteries to clean and decorate graves, prayers, sharing photos and fond memories of lost loved ones, building memorial ofrendas, or altars with mementos and food offerings, to the deceased, escorting their souls home for a visit, ritual food preparation, festive meals, music, and dancing. Food includes tamales and dishes favored by the deceased, Mexican hot chocolate, and orange- and cinnamon-spiced bread called Pane de Muertos with Aztec symbolism.

Another tradition is public parading while wearing skull masks or face paint to resemble skulls. It is believed that the masks and images hark to Mictecacihuatl, a skull-faced Aztec goddess, who guards the dead. Calaveras, or skulls that represent the deceased, take form in costumes for all, and toys and sugar or chocolate candies for the kids. La Catrina, a female skeleton wearing an elaborate floral hat, was created by the artist Jose Posada in the late nineteenth century, and has become synonymous with Dia de los Muertos.

According to the publication 1440, “Some historians assert that when European colonizers attempted to wipe out Indigenous religious traditions, Mictecacihuatl’s festival merged with Catholicism to become the modern Day of the Dead. Other scholars suggest the exact opposite—that in the early 20th century, the indigenismo movement, which aligned Mexican identity with their Indigenous ancestors rather than Spanish colonizers, wanted to encourage national pride by retrofitting All Saints Day, a Catholic [November 1] holiday, to include variations of Aztec traditions.” But never conflate Dia de los Muertos with Halloween! Do you know why?

One of my most memorable visits to Old Town, where my hometown of San Diego was founded in 1769, was to view the ofrendas erected to honor local deceased residents. The love for those lost was palpable–and joyful–with photos, mementos, marigold flowers, and food displays. It is believed that marigolds help the souls find their way home.

So, get a clue, Readers. Dia de los Muertos can be a happy and sad occasion. I so appreciate and respect how loved ones gather to embrace those still grieving, helping them sense the souls of the departed nearby, sharing fond memories, and turning mourning into a fiesta. It honors not only the dead, but also the living.

(Photos by the author)

Unearthing Terror: Taphephobia!

Dear Adult Readers–Be Forewarned!

This news blog post may be too scary for some children or inappropriate for anyone dealing with the death of a loved one. Otherwise, in my opinion, it is perfect for Halloween! Read at your own risk or pleasure, depending on your circumstances, and preferably by candlelight or the glow of a jack-o’-lantern.

“It may be asserted, without hesitation, that no event is so terribly well adapted to inspire the supremeness of bodily and of mental distress, as is burial before death . . .  that our hopeless portion is that of the really dead — these considerations, I say, carry into the heart, which still palpitates, a degree of appalling and intolerable horror from which the most daring imagination must recoil.”  –excerpted from “The Premature Burial,” by Edgar Allan Poe (1809 – 1849).

In “The Premature Burial” (1844), one of my favorite Poe short stories, the Master of the Macabre takes up the topic of taphephobia (taff-uh-FO-be-uh): the fear of being buried alive! I will spare you the gruesome details, examples, and potential sepulcher escapes he so cleverly devised for his story. Because on Halloween night, between trips to the door to pass out candy for warding off evil spirits, you might want to read the story for yourselves HERE.

In addition, you can watch on Tubi for free Roger Corman‘s atmospheric 1962 companion film (1 hour, 20 minutes), starring Hollywood’s Ray Milland and England’s Hazel Court, HERE. And Boris Karloff’s 1961 dramatic Thriller adaptation of Poe’s story HERE. Caution: Both are spooky!

And if you read this post before October 28, I hope you will sign up HERE to join Poe fans, including me, for “Poe Unplugged: ‘The Premature Burial.'” That evening, we will discuss via Zoom Poe’s story, hosted by The Six Degrees of Poe bloggers, Carmen Bouldin and Jeanie Smith. The terrifying fun begins at 5:00 pm, PT.

Taphephobia (sometimes spelled taphophobia) comes from the Greek taphe and taphos, meaning burial, grave, tomb; and from the Latin phobia, meaning fear.

We see the root in words like epitaph (an inscription on a tomb), cenotaph (a tomb or a monument erected in honor of a person whose body is elsewhere), and bibliotaph (one who hides away or hoards books–I might represent that term).

Perhaps as no surprise to most, Poe was taphephobic. Check out scholar Ed Simon’s brilliant LitHub article from October 8, 2025: “To Haunt and Be Haunted: On the Exhumation of Edgar Allan Poe.” Simon graphically explores, sense by sense, awakening in terror six-feet-under, then in connection with Poe’s works. It is not for the faint of heart.

We know that Poe was not inhumed alive following his death in 1849. But in 1875, when his remains were exhumed for reburial in a more dignified resting place, careless gravediggers dropped his deteriorated wooden coffin. It splintered apart, which contributed to the “dark rumor” that he must have attempted to claw his way out after a premature burial! All rumors.

Indeed, taphephobia gripped many in the nineteenth century, especially the cataleptic, who only appeared to be dead, and before the practice of embalming prevailed. Two of Poe’s contemporaries, first, composer Frederic Chopin (1810 – 1849) requested that his heart be cut out once he was pronounced dead, not just so it could be buried in his native Poland, but to ensure he had truly died pre-burial; and second, Russian writer Nikolai Gogol (1809 – 1852), specified in his will that he “not be buried until his body showed visible signs of putrefaction.” Such Will additions did occur. Hold your nose!

Underscoring this is another article with some incredible facts, dated October 29, 2025, by Christopher Klein, “Buried Alive: Inside the 19th-Century Panic over Premature Burial,” from Inside History.

Little wonder, then, that the taphephobic Poe took up the theme in some of his other works, too, such as “Berenice” (1835), “The Fall of the House of Usher” (1839), “The Tell-Tale Heart” (1843), and “The Cask of Amontillado” (1846). Poe wrote, “The boundaries which divide Life and Death are at best shadowy and vague. Who can say where the one ends, and where the other begins?” Echoes of taphephobia.

And it so happens that a premature burial occurs (though 300 years ago) in my Book 7, Macadamia Street: Hidden Skeleton. But it is still a kid-friendly, present-day pirate story. I promise.

So, Readers, get another morbid clue. If as Ed Simon states in his article above, “Fundamentally, taphephobia concerns the stubborn endurance of that which we thought we’d buried . . . ghost stories about being haunted and being the haunting,” I say, let’s hear it for cremation. Happy Halloween to those who celebrate!

(Image Credits: Top–Mojo_Maniac; Bottom–in the public domain free Wiki Images, both from pixabay.com)

Pumpkins

Hello, Kids, and all Readers,

We see them everywhere in the Northern Hemisphere right now–from farms to grocery stores, garden shops, front porches, ovens, and Starbucks.

Presenting autumn’s icon, the ubiquitous Pumpkin!

Did you know that the word “pumpkin” came from the Greek pepon, meaning “large melon”? The French called it pompon, and the English of yore pumpion. Colonial North Americans called it pumpkin. A member of the gourd family, the pumpkin predates beans and corn, having been cultivated by Indigenous peoples in North America over seven thousand years ago. Depending on the tribe, they called pumpkins isqoutm, askutasquash, deohako, and other names.

But my favorite pumpkin details revolve around the squash’s symbolism, folklore, appearances in literature, and on Halloween:

In many worldwide cultures, pumpkins represent abundance, prosperity, and rewards of labor–especially during harvests. Pumpkins are often symbols of growth, change or transformation, and renewal. (Think Cinderella’s pumpkin coach.)

In 2015, Barnes and Noble published “The Six Most Famous Pumpkins in Literature (and One Rutabaga)”, by Diana Biller. Click on that title to find Biller’s choices. But here are author clues:  Perrault, Washington Irving, L. Frank Baum, Arthur Golden, Nathaniel Hawthorne, and Charles Schultz. Can you name the respective pumpkin literature before viewing the article?

You rightfully ask, “So, how did a rutabaga come to be associated with the pumpkin?” From the Legend of Stingy Jack. Centuries ago in Ireland, the first Jack-o’-lanterns were turnips carved with frightening faces to scare off evil spirits. (Some confuse turnips and rutabagas.) Legend has it that a deceitful trickster blacksmith named Stingy Jack tried to fool the Devil many times. His punishment was to roam the Earth in darkness for eternity. He carved and carried a turnip to light his way, aglow from an ever-burning ember. Enter Jack of the Lantern. Jack-o’-Lantern! And that brings us to Halloween.

When the Irish emigrated to North America in 1846 to escape the Great Famine, they discovered that pumpkins were easier to carve than turnips. Viola! The modern-day pumpkin jack-o’-lantern was born and still adorns many porches and windows on Halloween to warn off evil spirits like Trickster Jack. This also explains why kids go door to door and say, “Trick or treat!”

So, get another clue, Readers. It isn’t too soon to start thinking about how you will carve your jack-o’-lantern’s face this year. Salute the Irish and the marvelous pumpkin for keeping us safe from the goblins on Halloween night!

(Photo credits, left to right: Ylanite Koppens, Matheus Bertelli, Aleksandar Cvetanovic, and Sarah O’Shea, all from pexels.com)

 

All Characters Welcome!

Hello, Kids, Educators, and Families,

School has resumed in many cities across the country. Farewell, Summer!

Attentive readers may remember that I taught school for thirty-five years before retiring in 2013. Back then, here in San Diego, classes began the day after Labor Day. Now, school begins much earlier–in fact, on August 11 this year–to accommodate a huge transition to a year-round school schedule for part of the district.

If I were still teaching with that original later start, I’d be back in my classroom now, anyway, getting bulletin boards up, furniture arranged, and my parent-letter packet photocopied. I did all of that early for self-preservation: There were too many meetings, interruptions, and distractions once adults had returned to campus. I was willing to forgo a week of my vacation each August to enjoy having the place to myself and the gift of time to prepare. (Yes, I’m a chronic Type A+ personality.)

The first day of school can be stressful. Not just for kids, but for teachers and parents, too! My goal in welcoming my new students and their families to my classroom on Day One was first and foremost to ease everyone’s stomach flutters. Then could come some fun and the business of getting to know each other, the rules, and a brief overview of what they could expect in their new grade.

I had my first-day outfit and accessories chosen at least of week before the big day. I would wear a cheerful print dress or skirt to set a friendly but professional tone. Team teaching afforded me the privilege of focusing on the language arts components. (Thanks, team partner and BFF, Barb R!) So, I had an enticing “All Characters Welcome!” bulletin board just inside the classroom door. Each student’s name and photo were posted. Their names and birthdays were listed on a colorful chart with twelve bubbles, one for each month. I enjoyed seeing their smiles when they found themselves on it. A new pencil beckoned, and a colorful nameplate stood like a little index-card tent on each desk so they could settle into their new classroom.

Then, it was time to relax and get a bit acquainted. I would invite the kids to join me on the big classroom rug. I’d say, “Raise your hand if your stomach was doing flip-flops last night or this morning.” Nearly all hands went up. AND SO WOULD MINE! They looked surprised. “Did you know that even we teachers get nervous before school starts?” I asked. Surprised looks again. “Well, believe it or not, I’m a human being like you. I feel joy, fear, and sorrow, too. And I tend to have a repeating nightmare that one of you got so scared that you ran out of my classroom! How would I explain it to the principal?” That was always an ice breaker.

I would offer silly requests such as, “Raise your hand if you like burnt marshmallows. Sauerkraut. Black licorice, etc. Responses were interesting, including mine.

Then, I had a story to share. “Thumbs up if this statement is true; thumbs down if false: Once, my heart stopped beating for six hours, and I lived to tell you about it.” Their fifth-grade heads were shaking, and most thumbs were down. “Impossible,” one would say. After a dramatic pause, my thumb went UP! “No way!” they’d shout. Then, I told them the story of my open-heart surgery in 1994 to correct a birth defect. You could hear a pin drop. The surgeons had to stop my heart for six hours to operate on it. I explained how they stopped my heart (gasps), and about the heart-lung machine hook-up. Mainly, the boys wanted the gory details about the blood and operation. But many girls were all ears, too.

The First Day galloped along with some quiet reading time at their desks as I checked reading levels. Recess. Where to line up. Lunch. A chapter book teacher read-aloud started. A fun art project. A session of, “Ask the Teacher Anything that is School Appropriate.” That parent-letter packet distributed and discussed. Homework: Write a letter to me of any length. The dismissal bell.

Before they left, I would say, “Don’t forget to come back tomorrow. If you don’t, we will miss you. My heart will be sad. Let’s make this a place for our hearts to sing–every day, and where everyone feels comfortable to be themselves.”

I never tired of the smiles on their faces as they bounded out the door to rejoin their parents. Some even said, “Thank you, Ms. J. I’m going to like being in your class.”

I miss that.

(Photo Credits: Atlantic Ambience on pexels.com–left; Pixabay on pexels.com–right)

Grand Postcards

Hello, Kids, and All Readers,

Do you enjoy receiving postcards–at Summer Camp, on a Staycation, or just while enjoying the season as your lucky friends or relatives travel the world?

It can be exciting to see what the sender chooses: something unique to them, tailored to you, or a must-share, spectacular site visited.

Currently, my almost-ten-year-old granddaughter is at a two-week summer camp. She liked the postcards I sent her there last year, so I decided to make it a tradition. I found some fun Animal Joke postcards online and snapped them up. I sent seven to her, one per day, starting last weekend, so they would all be sure to arrive during her stay. There are many left, so I plan to send a steady stream of them to her at home to continue our fun.

Her brother, my four-year-old grandson, could not be left out, so I tapped into his current passion: Batman. You can find just about anything in online stores now, and I hit the jackpot: a boxed collection of 100 Batman postcards in a beautiful cardboard keepsake box. I understand from his dad that they are a hit with my little Caped Crusader! He feels very special, getting one per day from “Gigi”–my grandma name–out of the mailbox when he gets home from preschool.

So, get a clue, readers. Do you have some special kids in your life who would appreciate hearing from you in this fun way? It helps erase the miles between my grandkids and me, provides an opportunity for the three of us to get to know one another better, and fosters a love of reading and writing. And what great memories and souvenirs we are creating with this tradition. May you do the same with your loved ones of any age. Happy Summer!

(Photo Credits: All photos taken by the author)